Celiac disease in childrenis an autoimmune disorder that occurs as a result of an abnormal reaction of the immune system to a protein called gluten. Gluten is found in grains such as wheat, barley and rye. Celiac disease can occur at any age, but early diagnosis and management in children is of great importance. In this article, we will discuss the symptoms, diagnostic methods and management strategies for celiac disease in children.
Symptoms of Celiac Disease in Children
The symptoms of celiac disease in children are quite varied and may occur differently in each child. Some children may have marked symptoms, while others may have mild symptoms. The most common symptoms are:
- Digestive Problems: Digestive problems such as abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhoea, constipation and oily stools are common symptoms of celiac disease.
- Weight loss and developmental delay: Children may lose weight or not gain enough weight due to poor absorption of nutrients. In addition, growth and development retardation may be observed.
- Loss of appetite: Children with celiac disease often have a poor appetite and may be reluctant to eat.
- Chronic Fatigue: Inadequate nutrient absorption can lead to decreased energy levels and chronic fatigue.
- Behavioural Changes: Behavioural changes such as irritability, restlessness and attention deficit may be among the symptoms of celiac disease.
- Skin Problems: Some children with celiac disease may have itchy, blistering skin rashes called dermatitis herpetiformis.
Diagnostic Methods
Celiac disease is usually diagnosed through a series of tests and examinations. The diagnostic process may include the following steps:
- Blood Tests: The first step in the diagnosis of celiac disease is usually blood tests. The presence of certain antibodies, such as anti-transglutaminase (tTG) and anti-endomysium (EMA) antibodies, is investigated.
- Endoscopy and Biopsy: If the blood tests are positive, endoscopy and small bowel biopsy can be performed for a definitive diagnosis. This test is used to determine damage to the wall of the small intestine.
- Genetic Tests: Genetic tests can also be performed to determine susceptibility to celiac disease. The presence of HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 genes increases the risk of celiac disease.
Management and Treatment
The only treatment for celiac disease is to follow a strict gluten-free diet for life. This involves avoiding all foods that contain gluten. You can follow these steps to protect your child's health and relieve symptoms:
- Gluten Free Diet: You should eliminate gluten-containing grains such as wheat, barley and rye from your child's diet. Instead, naturally gluten-free foods such as rice, corn, potatoes, quinoa and amaranth should be preferred.
- Reading Food Labels: You can identify gluten-containing substances by carefully reading food labels. It is important to choose products labelled "gluten-free".
- Training and Awareness: Educating your child and family about celiac disease and the gluten-free diet is important to prevent gluten consumption in everyday life.
- Regular Monitoring and Control: It is important not to miss medical check-ups to regularly monitor your child's health. Your doctor will monitor your child's nutrient absorption and general health and take the necessary measures.
Conclusion
Celiac disease in children can be controlled with early diagnosis and proper management. Carefully monitoring the symptoms, using the correct diagnostic methods and following a strict gluten-free diet will help your child lead a healthy life. Having information about celiac disease and taking the necessary precautions play an important role in your child's growth and development.